What mainstream forming processes are available for copper castings?

Multiple mature molding techniques can produce copper castings,selected according to part structure,tolerance standard and production volume.Sand casting uses disposable sand moulds,with low upfront mould cost,capable of manufacturing oversized,thick-wall and irregular large copper castings,fit for small batch custom industrial parts.Investment casting(lost wax casting)delivers ultra-high dimensional precision and smooth surface finish,suitable for tiny thin-wall complex copper components with strict appearance requirements,such as precision instrument fittings.Gravity permanent mould casting adopts reusable metal moulds,effectively reducing internal shrinkage and porosity defects inside copper castings,widely applied for airtight valve bodies and pump housings.Low-pressure casting fills mould cavities through stable air pressure control,slowing down copper liquid flow speed to reduce gas entrapment,prioritized for sealing copper castings that require zero leakage.Each process has different control difficulty for internal defects to match diverse product design standards.